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The Art of Strategy. Owen Hughes. Related Papers. Powers of War: Fighting, Knowledge and Critique. Is Clausewitz or Sun Tzu more relevant to understanding contemporary conflict?
Defence Studies Clausewitz and the Study of War. Is Clausewitz or Sun Tzu more relevant to understand contemporary conflicts? The principles that were successful in war and politics through history can have real and demonstrable applications in business and management. Here, professor of strategy Owen Hughes helps practitioners and students to draw those parallels and to develop a profound and holistic understanding of strategy that will help them plan for, and achieve, success.
Describing strategy as an intersection of five facets � purpose, capability, will, terrain and tactics � Hughes draws from colourful and dramatic examples from history, and clearly demonstrates how these tactics might be applied in your own life and work. This book is an ideal strategy text for any practitioner, lecturer or student who tires of familiar strategy frameworks with limited scope.
Owen E. Hughes The right of Owen E. Hughes to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Includes bibliographical references and index. Strategic planning. Strategy looks ahead. Strategy is essentially about creating a future; using data, information and judgment, or other influences that have effects and consequences for that future.
Strategy is a way of thinking, an art rather than a science. It refers to the big picture, not the small picture, the ultimate aim, the overall purpose, the very reason for being. Lower-level plans do have their utility and should not be discounted altogether; they are, however, of much greater utility when part of, but subservient to, an overarching strategy. Creating and curating the future does not mean that strategy is akin to fortune-telling, futurology or magic.
Done well, strategy is about the bal- ance of probabilities, about being judicious. It is grounded and pragmatic. There are many different aspects of strategy and different formulations as to what might be important. There are innumerable theorists of strat- egy, far too many to be mentioned or used. There are theorists of strategy, historians of strategy, users of strategy, menus of strategic plans and much more. In brief, as all are detailed later: purpose is the ultimate aim of a strategy; capability the resources that can be brought to bear; will is the human factor to decide to proceed or not; terrain is the field of conflict; and tactics the lower-order actions aimed at bringing about the strategic purpose.
It is argued that suc- cessful strategy occurs when these five facets � PCWTT � work together in a mutually reinforcing way, although there are, of course, situations where deficiencies in one facet can be overcome by superiority in another. If there is misalignment � if, for instance, tactics are inconsistent with the overall purpose, or if capability and will cannot overtake constraints of terrain � a strategy is likely to fail.
In some situations, different facets may be emphasized more than others. Terrain may not be a salient issue in some cases, capabilities and will may be equivalent between possible adversaries.
But purpose is far more important than the other four facets; if purpose � the first facet � is unclear or unachievable, the outcome is bound to be poor even if other facets are strong. An obvious question is how to illustrate this model of strategy, how to extrapolate from a particular aspect to a more general case. In what follows, the facets of strategy are illustrated by looking at events and situations that enable lessons can be drawn.
If strategy is universal � an approach applica- ble to any context from business to government even to war � then exam- ples can be chosen from events for which information is available. T he a r t o f st r at eg y 3 Instances used here are selected and are chosen by how they relate to a par- ticular theoretical point.
There are many possible examples. They are mostly high-level instances of international conflict and war for which information and historical discussion are readily available. Some illus- trate a particular facet of the model � George Washington in the American Revolution is a case study in purpose; Julius Caesar for will � while others illustrate several facets. Some examples appear several times here.
Overall, though, the examples chosen are representative of a larger universe of strategy rather than being definitive or comprehensive. Using examples such as these is not unusual. Machiavelli enlivens his work with examples from his own time but also Roman times.
Alexander the Great is often cited in terms of business strategy,4 even if time and a lack of information may make the lessons somewhat problem- atic and even anachronistic. Instances and events such as these are when strategy is at its most raw; elemental cases with serious consequences. It is argued here that lessons can be drawn about strategy from such stories, as strategy is a universal concept applicable to any sector.
What is strategy? Strategy is one of those words everyone knows and uses, but often not that precisely. Nye Jr. Montanari, Gregory A. Daneke and Jeffrey S. Miller and W. Chandler Jr. Irwin, , p. Norton, The one used most here is Ralph D. Sawyer ed. Martin and Christopher W.
Prange with Donald M. Goldstein and Katherine V. New York: Houghton Miflin Harcourt, , p. Freeman Jr. Parshall and Anthony P. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, pp. Sears, George B. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U.
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